How To Store Binary Images (Or Any Binary File) In Mysql Using PHP

Why store binary files in MySQL using PHP?
You may want to allow users to upload files to your PHP script or store banner images from advertisers inside of your SQL database.  Instead of creating and using a messy directory structure it may be more suitable to store them directly in your SQL database along with the advertiser or user information.
Reasons to store your images (binary files) in a database:

• Storing in a database allows better security for your files and images.
• Eliminates messy directory and file structures (this is especially true when users are allow to contribute files).
• Files/Images can be stored directly linking to user or advertiser information.

You may want to reconsider storing your binary files in the database.  Here are some reason you may not want to:

• You can't directly access your files using standard applications such as FTP.
• If your database becomes corrupt, so do your files.
• Migrating to a new database is made more difficult
• Pulling images from a database and displaying them is slower than using file access.

Creating the Database and Table
Using the console we will access MySQL and create a database and table for our binary upload PHP script.  Using a tool such as PHPMyAdmin can make this task a bit easier.  If your webhost has cpanel or Plesk then you probably have access to PHPMyAdmin.
First login to MySQL:
# mysql -u root -p
   Enter Password: ******
Replace the user root with your username for MySQL.  Since I'm running this on my local machine I will access the database using the root account via the console and PHP Script.  This is not recommended and you should not access your database in a public environment, such as the internet, using the root user, ever!

Now create the database:
mysql> CREATE DATABASE binary;
Press Enter, you should see results similar to:
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Let’s create the table now:
mysql> CREATE TABLE tbl_images (
         > id tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
         > image blob NOT NULL,
         > PRIMARY KEY (id)
         > );
What is a BLOB?
Above we created two tables, one the primary ID (of the row/entry) and the binary BLOB. A BLOB is a binary large object that can hold a variable amount of data. The four BLOB  types are TINYBLOB, BLOB, MEDIUMBLOB, and LONGBLOB. These differ only in the maximum length of the values they can hold. The four TEXT types are TINYTEXT, TEXT, MEDIUMTEXT, and LONGTEXT. These correspond to the four BLOB types and have the same maximum lengths and storage requirements.
You've now created your database and are ready to upload binary files to it.  In this case, images.  Next we will create a simple upload script. 
Creating the HTML
Creating the user interface where you or your visitors will upload files is very simple.  Using basic HTML and relying on the browser to do most of the heavy lifting you can easily create an upload form.  Here is the one we will use:
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="insert.php" method="post" name="changer">
<input name="MAX_FILE_SIZE" value="102400" type="hidden">
<input name="image" accept="image/jpeg" type="file">
<input value="Submit" type="submit">
Copy this code into a file and save it as add.html

The code above allows the user to browse for a file and select any image/jpeg file type.   Once selected and the submit button is pressed the image contents are forwarded to PHP script, insert.php.

Inserting the Image into MySQL
Create a new file named insert.php.  If you change the name of this file you will also need to change the action="" part in your HTML file above.  Open the file in your favourite text editor or PHP IDE. 

Write or copy/paste this code into your file:
// Create MySQL login values and
// set them to your login information.
$username = "YourUserName";
$password = "YourPassword";
$host = "localhost";
$database = "binary";
// Make the connect to MySQL or die
// and display an error.
$link = mysql_connect($host, $username, $password);
if (!$link) {
        die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
// Select your database
mysql_select_db ($database);
The above code sets your connection variables, creates a connection to MySQL and selects your database (binary if you followed my instructions above).  Next we need to read the form data and insert it into the database.
// Make sure the user actually
// selected and uploaded a file
if (isset($_FILES['image']) && $_FILES['image']['size'] > 0) {
          // Temporary file name stored on the server
          $tmpName  = $_FILES['image']['tmp_name']; 
          // Read the file
          $fp     = fopen($tmpName, 'r');
          $data = fread($fp, filesize($tmpName));
          $data = addslashes($data);
          fclose($fp);
          // Create the query and insert
          // into our database.
          $query = "INSERT INTO tbl_images ";
          $query .= "(image) VALUES ('$data')";
          $results = mysql_query($query, $link);
          // Print results
          print "Thank you, your file has been uploaded.";
}
else {
   print "No image selected/uploaded";
}
// Close our MySQL Link
mysql_close($link);
?>
The PHP code above takes the user selected image, reads it with fopen and stores the data in a variable named $data.  The binary data is then inserted into our database for retrieval at a later time. 

Save the file above and access add.html via your browser.  Select an image file and upload it.